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Strategic propaganda (or political
war) relates to the strategies of communication and national policy having
for goal to make promotion with the opposing or allied population that
their interests are been useful better with the country (McLaurin, 1982). The objectives of this form of
propaganda aim at influencing the individuals of the populations which
adopt attitudes minus extremists (the passive ones of Tchakhotine)
and of which their actions can make a difference (McLaurin,
1982). The objectives of strategic propaganda are generally long-term (to
change the attitudes of the individuals). It can be combined with the
misinformation when it tries to expose to the maximum its forces, to hide
its weaknesses and to make believe that the interests of the country go
according to the wellbeing of humanity (Lerner, 1972).
To modify the attitudes on a
defensive level, the propagandist exposes the advantages of his foreign
politics while hiding his disadvantages (Lerner, 1972). The transmitted
messages aim at influencing the public opinion of its country either to
justify the actions of the government, or to increase moral population or or to support the support of the population towards the
government (Lerner, 1972). In order to acquire the virtue and thus the
support of its population, it is significant to make perceive with this one
that the enemies are either of thehuman ones, or incarné evil or or normal, but
badly directed (Linebarger, 1972). The government
can désinformer the population with the
assistance of propaganda for:
1 to avoid informing the enemy or
of désinformer the enemy by the means of the
information given to our population,
2 not to demoralize the population
in their giving bad news,
3 not to reduce the production in
their giving too good news ("that is not used any more for nothing to
be forced, one gains") and
4 to hide the war crimes or the
actions less honourable (Durandin, 1993).
In its offensive version, this type
of propaganda makes it possible to improve success of a military campaign
by breaking the will to resist of a population without all to destroy in
the country (Lerner, 1972). The messages aim at délégitimer
the actions of their government, to lower it moral and to reduce support
them population towards the antagonistic government (Lerner, 1972). The
enemy population is an interesting target bus
1 it influences the elite with the
capacities,
2 it is the principal engine of production,
3 it can support subversive groups
with the established capacity and
4 it supports moral soldiers in
permission (Lerner, 1972).
To in no case a propaganda will not
be effective if the ideology of a system is tackled because it is what
gives a direction to the reality of the mass (Linebarger,
1972). The more dictatorial one mode is, the more it controls the
communications and the less it tolerates that of another ideology is
discussed (Volkoff, 1986). It is significant that
propaganda too is not far from the construction which the population had of
reality (McLaurin, 1982). Moreover, to prevent
that the coercive actions make bad publicity, the propagandist can affirm
that the conflict is not against the population but against her leaders
(Lerner, 1972). This process brings a dissociation population/élite which divides the company into more of causing
doubts about their leader.
Propaganda strategic are also
classified according to the degree to which them source is hidden (Volkoff, 1986; Durandin,
1993). White propaganda is that which does not hide its origin, while black
propaganda hiding place its origin and lies as for the source of
information. White propaganda is generally more effective in times of
peace, but in times of war the opposing populations are more being wary of
"propaganda" coming from other countries. In times of war black
propaganda is much more probable because the population believes that the
messages come from sour and friendly source (Durandin,
1993). On the other hand, Volkoff (1986) affirms
that black propaganda is not without disadvantage:
1 it takes time to become effective
because the propagandist must establish his credibility,
2 it risks clean désinformer its with dimensions and
3 if discovered, this type of
propaganda lose any credibility.
It is
significant to be made credible, in this type of propaganda, to affirm more
truth than forgery (Durandin, 1993). Black
propaganda is often used to propagate false information and thus approaches
enormously the misinformation.
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